Language
Languages of Turkey
Republic of Turkey, Turkiye Cumhuriyeti. 71,892,808. Population includes both Europe and Asia sections. National or official language: Turkish. Literacy rate: 76% to 90%. Also includes refugees from Central Asia (50,000). Information mainly from T. Sebeok 1963, 1970; O. Jastrow 1971, 1988; A. Nakano 1986; B. Comrie 1987; P.A. Andrews 1989; M. Izadi 1993. Blind population: 38,178. Deaf population: 316,839. Deaf institutions: 12. The number of languages listed for Turkey is 36. Of those, 34 are living languages and 2 are extinct.
Albanian, Tosk
[als] 15,000 in Turkey (1980). 1,075 monolinguals (1965 census). Ethnic population: 65,000 in Turkey. Scattered in western Turkey. Classification: Indo-European, Albanian, Tosk.
Armenian
[hye] 40,000 in Turkey (1980). 1,022 monolinguals (1965 census). Ethnic population: 70,000 in Turkey (1980). Many in Istanbul, and a few scattered across eastern Turkey. The Hemshin (Hamshen) are Armenian Muslims, living near the Laz. Alternate names: Haieren, Somkhuri, Ermenice, Armjanski. Dialects: Eastern Armenian. Classification: Indo-European, Armenian.
Balkan Gagauz Turkish
[bgx] 327,000 in Turkey (1993 Johnstone). Population includes 7,000 Surguch (1965) and 320,000 Yuruk. Population total all countries: 331,000. Yuruk dialect on the west coast in Macedonia. Also spoken in Greece, Macedonia. Alternate names: Balkan Turkic. Dialects: Gajol, Gerlovo Turks, Karamanli, Kyzylbash, Surguch, Tozluk Turks, Yuruk (Yoruk, Konyar). Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Turkish.
Bulgarian
[bul] 300,000 in Turkey (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk). Population includes refugees from Bulgaria. Scattered in Edirne and other western provinces. Alternate names: Pomak. Dialects: Pomak. Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, South, Eastern.
Domari
[rmt] 28,461 in Turkey (2000 WCD). Mainly in western Turkey, some in eastern Turkey. Alternate names: Middle Eastern Romani, Tsigene, Gypsy. Dialects: Karachi, Beludji, Marashi. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Dom.
Greek
[ell] 4,000 in Turkey (1993). Istanbul city. Classification: Indo-European, Greek, Attic.
Ladino
[lad] 8,000 in Turkey (1976). Ethnic population: 15,000. Mainly in Istanbul; some in Izmirin. Alternate names: Dzhudezmo, Judeo Spanish, Sefardi, Judezmo, Hakitia, Haketia, Spanyol. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Castilian.
Pontic
[pnt] 4,535 in Turkey (1965 Mackridge). Northest Turkey, easternmost part of Pontic-speaking region. Classification: Indo-European, Greek, Attic.
Romani, Balkan
[rmn] 25,000 Arlija in Turkey. Dialects: Arlija (Erli). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Balkan.
Serbian
[srp] 20,000 in Turkey (1980). 2,345 monolinguals (1965 census). Ethnic population: 61,000. Scattered in western Turkey. Alternate names: Bosnian. Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western.
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http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=TRE
Republic of Turkey, Turkiye Cumhuriyeti. 71,892,808. Population includes both Europe and Asia sections. National or official language: Turkish. Literacy rate: 76% to 90%. Also includes refugees from Central Asia (50,000). Information mainly from T. Sebeok 1963, 1970; O. Jastrow 1971, 1988; A. Nakano 1986; B. Comrie 1987; P.A. Andrews 1989; M. Izadi 1993. Blind population: 38,178. Deaf population: 316,839. Deaf institutions: 12. The number of languages listed for Turkey is 36. Of those, 34 are living languages and 2 are extinct.
Living languages
Albanian, Tosk
[als] 15,000 in Turkey (1980). 1,075 monolinguals (1965 census). Ethnic population: 65,000 in Turkey. Scattered in western Turkey. Classification: Indo-European, Albanian, Tosk.
Armenian
[hye] 40,000 in Turkey (1980). 1,022 monolinguals (1965 census). Ethnic population: 70,000 in Turkey (1980). Many in Istanbul, and a few scattered across eastern Turkey. The Hemshin (Hamshen) are Armenian Muslims, living near the Laz. Alternate names: Haieren, Somkhuri, Ermenice, Armjanski. Dialects: Eastern Armenian. Classification: Indo-European, Armenian.
Balkan Gagauz Turkish
[bgx] 327,000 in Turkey (1993 Johnstone). Population includes 7,000 Surguch (1965) and 320,000 Yuruk. Population total all countries: 331,000. Yuruk dialect on the west coast in Macedonia. Also spoken in Greece, Macedonia. Alternate names: Balkan Turkic. Dialects: Gajol, Gerlovo Turks, Karamanli, Kyzylbash, Surguch, Tozluk Turks, Yuruk (Yoruk, Konyar). Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Turkish.
Bulgarian
[bul] 300,000 in Turkey (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk). Population includes refugees from Bulgaria. Scattered in Edirne and other western provinces. Alternate names: Pomak. Dialects: Pomak. Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, South, Eastern.
Domari
[rmt] 28,461 in Turkey (2000 WCD). Mainly in western Turkey, some in eastern Turkey. Alternate names: Middle Eastern Romani, Tsigene, Gypsy. Dialects: Karachi, Beludji, Marashi. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Dom.
Greek
[ell] 4,000 in Turkey (1993). Istanbul city. Classification: Indo-European, Greek, Attic.
Ladino
[lad] 8,000 in Turkey (1976). Ethnic population: 15,000. Mainly in Istanbul; some in Izmirin. Alternate names: Dzhudezmo, Judeo Spanish, Sefardi, Judezmo, Hakitia, Haketia, Spanyol. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Castilian.
Pontic
[pnt] 4,535 in Turkey (1965 Mackridge). Northest Turkey, easternmost part of Pontic-speaking region. Classification: Indo-European, Greek, Attic.
Romani, Balkan
[rmn] 25,000 Arlija in Turkey. Dialects: Arlija (Erli). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Balkan.
Serbian
[srp] 20,000 in Turkey (1980). 2,345 monolinguals (1965 census). Ethnic population: 61,000. Scattered in western Turkey. Alternate names: Bosnian. Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western.
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http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=TRE
